Recommend
Official site Welltone

Hypertension

What is high blood pressure

Hypertension is a condition in which the level of blood pressure rises stable, which is fixed with repeated measurements. Increased pressure is an accompanying factor in many diseases and can cause cardiovascular complications.

Hypertension requires constant control and medication. At the "MedcentService" modern clinic, you can perform full examination, if necessary, your doctor will select effective therapy.

Arterial hypertension varieties

The most common mixed form of hypertension, in which both systolic and diastolic pressure increases. Less frequently, only one type of blood pressure is increased, which is typical of elderly.

Due to the occurrence, 2 types of arterial hypertension are different:

  1. Primary or indispensable. It is impossible to determine the exact cause of the disease, as there are no pathologies that can cause pressure to increase. Most often, essential hypertension is due to stress and sedentary lifestyle as a result of genetic predisposition.
  2. Secondary. The consequence of other diseases can accurately determine the cause of increased pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops when one person suffers from kidney disease.

Depending on the level of systolic and diastolic pressure, 3 degrees of hypertension is distinguished:

  • 1 degree. It goes softly to increase systolic blood pressure to 140 mm Hg. Art. , Diastolic - up to 90 mm Hg. Art.
  • 2 degrees. Moderate, pressure rises to 180/110 mm. Art. Organic lesions of cardiovascular organs can be observed.
  • 3 degrees. Systolic and/or diastolic pressure increases at 200/115 Hg Hg. Art. This disease can cause serious complications as the blood supply to the internal organs is disturbed.

Important! If degrees of hypertension are not treated, there is a high probability that the disease progresses. Very high pressure indicators can trigger a hypertension crisis full of stroke.

Complication

Complications with long or severe hypertension can occur. They highlight the most dangerous:

  1. The lesion of the brain that develops into a stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable and the rehabilitation period takes a long time.
  2. Heart disease and circulatory system - myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm.
  3. Kidney disease. In the background of arterial hypertension, kidney failure may occur, and the amount of salt and fluid may cause imbalance.

A common complication is hypertensive crises. Periodic short -term pressure increases are accompanied by severe headaches, vomiting and rapid heartbeat.

Diagnosis and examination by increasing blood pressure

Hypertension can lead to serious complications, so it is important to diagnose the disease in time. First you need to measure the pressure and examine the so -called target organs.

Steps to diagnose "hypertension" and calculate the severity of the disease:

  1. Pressure measurement at home, in the medical office, is independent periodic.
  2. Transfer of analysis of blood and urine.
  3. We do the myocardial work with a phonedoscope or in more detail - by the ultrasound of the ECG or the heart.
  4. Dopplerography - allows you to assess the condition of the blood that passes into the heart of blood vessels.
  5. Arteriography - allows you to get to know the condition of arterial walls.
  6. Checking the bottom of the eye - necessary in the initial stages of hypertension. As the retinal vein increases pressure, the eyes expand and the arteries narrow.
  7. Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands - the study allows you to evaluate the work of the kidneys and to identify kidney tissue damage.

Important! You must definitely consult a doctor on the first signs of hypertension. Timely diagnosis and full examination allow for effective treatment and avoid complications.

Prevention of hypertension

To prevent hypertension, you need to follow a number of simple recommendations:

  1. Measure your blood pressure regularly and guide the diary with your indicators. Another slight difference is 10 mm Hg. Art. Systolic or diastolic blood pressure, if this happens regularly, can become a worrying ring.
  2. Follow your lifestyle - motor activity, nutrition, excludes bad habits.
  3. Learn regularly at your doctor.

Compliance with these simple rules helps to minimize risks.

Rules for measuring blood pressure for diagnosis of arterial hypertension

To get an objective picture when measuring the pressure, it is important:

  1. At least half an hour before the procedure, leave smoking, tea consumption, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, food and physical effort.
  2. When measuring the pressure, take a comfortable position and do not cross the leg.
  3. The manometer should be at the heart level.
  4. It is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times to minimize errors.
  5. The difference between the indicators of the left and right hand can be 10 mm Hg. Art. Or up to 20 mm Hg. Art.

To obtain an objective image, measure the pressure at home regularly and add data to the log.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases among people of different ages. Therefore, it is important to be responsible for your health and regularly examine your doctor.

Causes of hypertension

Sometimes blood pressure can increase in an absolute healthy person - this is a natural reaction of the body to stress and physical activity. If you are relaxed with at least three control measurements, your blood pressure will increase to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Or more, probability of diagnosis - hypertension.

The disease develops due to blood pressure mechanisms. There are many reasons for provoking an increase in blood pressure:

  1. Congenital or acquired kidney arterial hypertension. In the event of a violation of the kidney bloodstream, the kidneys are released into the body. As a result, a small blood vessel cramp occurs, the vascular walls gradually thicken, and excessive fluid in the bloodstream is delayed. The processes described increase the strain on the heart and increase blood pressure increases.
  2. Nervous surge. Stress and chronic fatigue often lead to hypertension.
  3. Hormonal defects and metabolism disorders. They lead to circulatory disorders in tissues.

Age is often observed with an increase in blood pressure. For people aged 20-40, normal pressure is 120/70-130/80 mm Hg. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 hg. Over 60 - 140/90-150/90 mm Hg. Art.

Pathology is a fairly common cause of inheritance. The factors that provoke high pressure are also as follows:

  • drinking smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
  • sedentary lifestyle;
  • overweight;
  • Inadequate nutrition.

If a person has at least one of the above risk factors, it is advisable to perform a physical examination regularly and perform all necessary tests. It is important to consider that hypertension can develop in the initial stage without shouted symptoms.

Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is a misleading disease. In the initial stages, pathology cannot show itself, but the asymptomatic path is no less dangerous. Therefore, blood pressure should be measured regularly and undergoes a medical examination. This is particularly important for patients from the risk group.

First symptoms of hypertension:

  • frequent headache;
  • nose bleeding;
  • Violation of the heart rate;
  • vision vision;
  • tinnitus.

In the case of more severe hypertension, the above symptoms may join:

  • weakness;
  • nausea;
  • vomit;
  • Muscle trembling;
  • confusion;
  • Pain in the chest.

People often describe the appearance of symptoms of hypertension with general fatigue. But when the first alarm bells appear, consult a doctor immediately. With increased pressure, the heart and kidneys operate with maximum load, which can lead to hypertensive crisis, cardiovascular failure.

Hypertonic treatment

Hypertension is a chronic disease that requires a comprehensive approach:

  • Changing lifestyle - it is recommended to enhance motor activity and monitor the diet;
  • The use of medication reduces blood pressure and avoids complications.

Listen! Only one doctor can prescribe drug treatment and choose the dose of medicines. It is not possible to meditate itself in order to exacerbate the situation.

This article is published exclusively for cognitive purposes for cognition and is not a scientific material or professional medical advice. Seek medical attention for diagnosis and treatment.